Abler Minded: Rivers, streams and people
By Pete Abler
Columnist
I
have probably flown over almost every part of this country and driven
through nearly every state. During those flights and driving trips,
I've never failed to notice the varying topography of the different
regions.
Driving across the Mississippi near Crosby, in Brainerd, or in the Twin
Cities is vastly different than driving across the bridge near
Vicksburg, Miss. or cruising down the river out of New Orleans. It
seems like either unimaginable tectonic forces were involved in
creating the mountain ranges, or glaciers, rivers and streams carved
out the rest of the features.
I've followed the Colorado River through that state and then visited it
from a far different perspective at the Grand Canyon and then farther
south at Hoover Dam. A number of years ago my travels took me over St.
Louis, Mo., where the Mississippi and the Missouri rivers turned that
area into a vast lake through which the Mississippi flowed. Last week's
treatise that dealt with bottled water pales in comparison to water as
a ubiquitous force in our lives.
As we have seen in Iowa and Indiana, the substance that we will die
without in seven short days can also be one of the most destructive
elements of nature. Unfortunately, our new savior, Mr. Gore, has
proclaimed that global warming is the cause of this flooding.
Unfortunately for him, the climatologists have already explained that
the colder water of the Pacific has led to cooler than normal
temperatures across the northwest and north central portions of the
United States. When this cooler air meets up with the normal influx of
moist air from the south - violent storms and high rainfalls result.
This is exactly what's been happening for the past several weeks in the
north and central parts of the United States.
Whether we know it or not, we all live in a watershed. If rain falls
where you live, you're in a watershed. In Minnesota alone, there are 81
major and more than 5,600 minor watersheds. Understanding those
watersheds and monitoring the quantity and quality of the water
resources, lets the DNR folks who study them know what's happening and
allows them to identify trends and forecast events - like how long the
excessive rainfall in Minnesota will take to reach St. Louis, Mo., and
how high the river will rise as a result.
The folks in Iowa are experiencing severely damaging flooding along the
Iowa and Cedar rivers. There's lots of talk about five-year floods,
50-year floods, 100-year, and even 500-year floods. How many of us have
witnessed a 100- or 500-year flood event? Or did we even know what we
were witnessing? We all are wont to say whatever we've witnessed is the
worst we've ever seen. And although it's probably true, it's also very
misleading to think it's the worst it's ever been.
Have you ever noticed how along the channel of a river or a stream,
there's a fairly extensive low lying area that follows the river.
Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, that's called a floodplain. And
I'll bet you can guess why it's called a floodplain. That's right -
when the river or stream overflows its banks, the water is going to go
there first.
And that's where a lot of people live - the land is probably very
fertile, there's plenty of water and on large rivers, there's probably
ready transportation. And it works just fine as long as there's not too
much water.
One of the reasons that things seem worse than they might have
previously is what has happened to a watershed since the last major
event. When precipitation falls on an area, it can do three things -
run off into lakes, streams and rivers; be absorbed into the soil; or
evaporate.
If it's raining, the chances of evaporation are pretty slim. If it's
been raining a lot and the ground is saturated, it's not going to be
absorbed. If there has been an extensive amount of development of the
land, it will further inhibit the absorption of the water. That leaves
running toward a lake or the stream or river that is the main feature
of the watershed. In the extreme case, you get a flood.
Every new house that's built creates more water runoff. Each new mile
of paved road creates more runoff potential. Every new parking lot,
driveway, apartment complex, condo development, ad infinitum does the
same. Just as each snowflake in an avalanche pleads not guilty, we
blithely believe our little 2,000 square-foot house, garage and
driveway have no impact on what happens tomorrow, next week, or next
year.
Or perhaps we just fill in a small wetland that's preventing us from
using our land the way we want to. I mean, who cares? And this allows
us to perform our mental Pontius Pilate act when the next major flood
occurs, blame it all on Mother Nature/global warming and expect Uncle
Sam to pay for our damages.
We are a part of the recurring flooding problem - and it's not from our
carbon footprint, it's from our cumulative, increasing impervious
surface footprint. For certain, that's not the only cause, but we do
make a bad situation worse. I wonder who's going to take up this cause
and start selling impervious footprint credits. Probably someone named
Gore.
In the battle between man and water, man may win a few battles, but
water will always win the war. New Orleans and all you
well-intentioned, but clueless politicians, please take note.
Well, that's what's been on my mind.